Lacquer and lacquer enamel



Patented eb. 22, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT 1,618,484 OFFICE.

STANLEY SHIPLEY AND GUY C. GIVEN F STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO ATLAS POWDER COMPANY, OF WIIMINGTON, DELAW'ARE, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

No Drawing.

This invention relates to lacquers and lacquer enamels; and it comprises as'a new coating composition, a composition containing nitrocellulose with, or without, another 5 coating or filming substance such as a resin,

- said nitrocellulose being brought into solu- K tion with the aid of a'n amyl glycol, the composition also advantageously comprlsing non-solvent liquids such as benzene; and the invention further comprises a 111etl10d-O1 making coating compositions wherein nitrocellulose is brought into solution with the "aid of an amyl glycol; all as more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.

Nitrocellulose varnishesa-nd lacquers are Well known materials; these compositions being solutions of nitrocellulose in one solvent liquid or another. Amyl acetate is quite generally used. It has been found by experience, that the properties of the composition depend very greatly upon the .sol-

vent used with the nitrocellulose; i. e. as to. its strength, luster, free-flowing qualities,-

adhesion, "flexibility, viscosity, etc, etc. Sometimes, in lacquer work, a solution is wanted, not containing over say 5 ounces of nitrocellulose per gallon, to give a film of proper thickness, while in other. work, somelatter case, sometimes there are required solutions containing as high as EZO'ounces of nitrocellulose per gallon. In each case, a special viscosity may be wanted. lVith all nitrocellulose solutions, it is customary to employ moreor less of what is called a non-solvent as a diluent, this being benzene, toluene, xylene, gasoline, etc, etc. The'v'arious alcohols, ethyl, methyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, etc. are also employedas thinnersp The function of the.non-so lvent is to modify viscosity and prevent blushing, or "blooming'on drying; or the separation by settling of jelly-llke masses.

In a prior Patent No. 1,533,616, April 14, 1925, wehave described and claimed an improvement in this art wherein are utilized the advantageous properties ofethyl glycol; an ethyl ether of ethylene glycol. This body has a vapor tension, adapting it for use in many relations in the varnish and lacquer art combined with excellent solvent qualities for nitrocellulose. The nitrocellulose solutions formed with its aid withstand much dilution with non-solvents; it being practicable in some cases to make satisfactimes a very heavy film is wanted. In the LACQUER AND LAcQuER ENAMEL.

Application filed April 18, 1925. Serial No. 24,261.

tory compositions with solvent mixtures containing as high as 3 parts of benzene to 2 parts of ethyl glycol. With the aid of ethyl glycol enamels and lacquers having awide variety of uses may-be produced; it being practicable to use with the ethyl glycol, any of the ordinary nitrocellulose solvents, (such as acetone, alcohols, alcohol esters), also the ordinary nonsolvents (such as e iphatic and aromatic hydrocarbonsor mixtures of the same)i And the solutions so produced can be blended with various resins or resin compositions used for coating purposes. It is also possible to use the ordinary latent solvents such "as camphor, tricresylphosphates, etc.

We have found that for many purposes the use of an amyl glycol is highly advantageous, this bemg particularly the case where slow drying varnishes are wanted and where other materials are to be'united with the nitrocellulose'in making composite varnishes. The amyl glycols are -compat-- ible with the various vegetable oils, drying and semi-drying, such as linseed oil, soya oil, China wood oil, tung oil, etc. And the amyl glycols are further an excellent solvent for a wide variety of natural and artificial resins, such as gum kauri, or ester gum. These properties render the amyl, glycols particularly advantageous in the production of composite varnishes and, lacquers which nitrocellulose is only one coating component and may even be a minor com-' ponent. As a matter of fact, with the aid of the amyl glycols, nitrocellulose can be easily and advantageously embodied in many of the ordinary paints and; varnishes.

I For the present purposes an amyl glycol may be defined as a body resulting from the substitution of a 5-carbon alkyl or pentyl for one hydrogen in a hydroxyl of ethylene glycol; the general formula being HOLCHTCHTOOEHH.

contain.

In' a specific example of our invention in producing a slow drying, free flowing,

good leveling varnish, 1 part by weight of artificial.

nitrocellulose is dissolved in about 7 parts by weight of a composite solvent generally containing amyl glycol and a hydrocarbon in about the ratio of 2: 3. The hydrocarbon non-solvent may be benzene, toluene, xylene or gasoline, or a mixture of two'or more of these bodies. to employ all four with slightly greater r0 ortion of toluene than of the other odles. It is one of the advantages however, of the amyl glycols. that they will tolerate larger proportions of petroleum hydrocarbon than is the case with the ordinary solvents for nitrocellulose. For cheap lacquers, as a matter of fact, a large proportion of gasoline or solvent naphtha or turpentine substitute may be employed. Returning to the specific example, it is commonly useful to further thin the composite solvent just described, with some v alcohol; say about 25%. This added alcohol may be butyl alcohol, or denaturedethyl alcohol, or a mixture of the two.- A mixture of equal volumes of ethyl and butyl alcohol serves well. The composition made as just described is a good lacquer of general applicability. For special purposes, 1t may receive an addition of a resin, natural, or

add more than about, say 1 part'by weight of resin, for every 2 parts 'by'weight of nitrocellulose. Instead 'Of using a resin, a drying oil may be added, or both a resin and the drying oil. For some purposes, the nitrocellulose composition described, with an addition of say 10% of linseed oil, makes a coating composition of new, unique and useful properties. Returning .to the described composition, where a lacquer enamel is wanted, any compatible pigment may be admixed. About 2 parts by weight of zinc oxid for each part of nitrocellulose, is often desirable. A little castor oil and a little camphor (either or both) may sometimes be added with advantage.

One of the greatest advantages of the amyl glycols for the present purposes, is

their freedom from stron or offensive odor,

but where odor is not 0 jectionable in the coating composition. the ordinary nitrocellulose solvents may be used to replace some of much of the amyl glycol without forfeiting all its advantages; particularly the freedom from deposition of nitrocellulose or admixture ofnon-solvent-s. In a typical com- It is often advantageous Usually, it is not desirable to in making composite varnishes containing. amyl glycol as-a solvent.

\Vhat we claim is 1. A coating-composition containing ni trocellulose, amyl glycol and a resin soluble in amyl glycol.

2. A coating composition containing nitrocellulose, amyl glycol, a pigment and a resin solublein amyl glycol.

.3. A c'oating composition containing ni-' trocellulose, amyl glycol, a pigment, a resin soluble in amyl'glycol, and a drying oil.

a. A coating compositionv containing nitrocellulose, amyl glycol, a pigment,a re-.

sin soluble in amyl glycol, a drying oil and an alcohol.

5. A coating composition containing n i-.

trocellulose, amyl glycol and gasoline.

6. A coating composition containing" nitrocellulose, amyl glycol, gasoline and a resin soluble in amyl glycol.

7'. A coating compositioncontaining ni trocellulose, amyl glycol, gasoline, a resin so'lublein' amyl glycol and a pigment.

8..A coating composition containing nitrocellulose, amyl glycol, gasoline and a pigment.

9. A film cbntaining nitrocellulose, amyl glycol and a resin soluble in amyl glycol.

10. A film containing nitrocellulose,-amyl glycol,'a pigment and a resin soluble in amyl glycol.

- 11. A film containing nitrocellulose, amyl glycol, a pigment, a resih solublein amyl glycol and a vegetable drying oil.

12. A film containing nitrocellulose, amyl glycol, a pigment, a resin, soluble in amyl glycol, a vegetable drying oil and an alcohol.

13. A coating composition containing nitrocellulose, amyl glycol, a resin soluble in amyl glycol and a vegetable drying oil.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto aflixed our signatures.

, STANLEY D. SHIPLEY.

GUY o. GIVEN. 

